2024, Vol. 6, Issue 1, Part A

Background: As kidney function deteriorates, there is a gradual breakdown in the balance of minerals and hormones in the body. The mineral and endocrine functions play a crucial role in regulating of bones. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) - mineral bone disorders (MBD) refer to a wide-ranging clinical condition that arises as a result of CKD, affecting the body's mineral and bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess the frequency of mineral bone disorder (MBD) in patients with CKD in Gharbia governorate.

Methods: This cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out from January 2018 to December 2019 at Tanta University Hospitals and Gharbia governmental and central hospitals on 1400 patients aged more than 18 years old, both sexes. Patients are categorized into two equal groups: Group 1: (n=700) non-hemodialysis-dependent CKD patients and Group 2: (n=700) hemodialysis-dependent CKD patients.

Results: The frequency of elevated bone turnover was substantially greater in the individuals with ESRD compared to those with CKD (42.9% vs 1.4%, p<0.001). Conversely, the occurrence of poor bone turnover was notably greater in the CKD patients compared to the ESRD patients (78.6% vs 35.7%, p<0.001). A strong positive connection was seen between serum PTH levels and age (r = 0.122; p< 0.001), blood urea (r = 0.402; p< 0.001), serum creatinine (r = 0.467; p< 0.001), serum phosphorus (r = 0.549; p< 0.001), and ALP (r = 0.595; p< 0.001). A strong inverse relationship was seen between blood PTH levels and eGFR (r = -0.558; p< 0.001), as well as serum calcium levels (r = -0.646; p< 0.001). A strong correlation was seen between several categories of bone mineral density (BMD) and the features and etiology of CKD (p<0.001).

Conclusions: In Gharbia Governorate, BMD is prevalent in CKD. 80% of the patients with non-dialyzable CKD and ESRD had low and high bone turnover.