Metabolic syndrome: Updates, management, treatment, and nursing interventions: An updated review
Author(s): Amira Yousef Ali Aldalili, Basim Othman Nasser Almarshed, Abdullah Ali Alshahrani, Sultan Safah A Alharbi, Ahmad Ayad M Anazi, Mohammed Menwer Alruwaili, Awadh Mechem A Alokaily and Taleb Ghazi Thaar Aldalbahi
Abstract: Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, which significantly increase the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). First described in 1988, MetS has become a growing global health concern, with its prevalence rising alongside the incidence of obesity and T2DM. Diagnosis typically involves six key measures, including waist circumference, blood pressure, and lipid levels.
Aim: This updated review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of MetS, its pathophysiology, risk factors, and current management strategies. The article also highlights the role of nursing interventions in the prevention and management of MetS, offering a comprehensive understanding of the syndrome's complexities.
Methods: This review synthesizes recent literature, including epidemiological data, molecular mechanisms, and clinical treatment guidelines. Studies on the role of adipose tissue, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in MetS pathogenesis were reviewed. Additionally, the impact of dietary interventions, nutraceuticals, and the role of nurses in MetS management were discussed.
Results: Emerging evidence underscores the central role of visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and chronic inflammation in the development and progression of MetS. The review also identifies that lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, physical activity, and diet, remain the cornerstone of management. Pharmacological interventions, such as metformin, statins, and antihypertensive medications, are often prescribed to control individual risk factors.
Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a complex, multifactorial condition that requires comprehensive management strategies. Nurses play a crucial role in educating patients, promoting lifestyle changes, and assisting with medication adherence. Early diagnosis and intervention are essential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
DOI: 10.22271/27069567.2023.v5.i4a.591Pages: 50-61 | Views: 280 | Downloads: 119Download Full Article: Click Here
How to cite this article:
Amira Yousef Ali Aldalili, Basim Othman Nasser Almarshed, Abdullah Ali Alshahrani, Sultan Safah A Alharbi, Ahmad Ayad M Anazi, Mohammed Menwer Alruwaili, Awadh Mechem A Alokaily, Taleb Ghazi Thaar Aldalbahi.
Metabolic syndrome: Updates, management, treatment, and nursing interventions: An updated review. Int J Adv Res Med 2023;5(4):50-61. DOI:
10.22271/27069567.2023.v5.i4a.591
